Now algorithms can create cloned faces, identical voices, and even have capabilities of manipulating human values. Owing to Intelligent machines or Artificial Intelligence (AI), we are in an era where nothing is impossible. The bigger question, therefore, is not what AI can do, but what it should be allowed to do. Courts in India are quickly rewriting the rules of identity and authenticity; however, the sufficiency of the same remains moot.   Rethinking Identity The rise of i

Trademark law usually protects against forward confusion—where consumers mistakenly believe that a smaller player’s goods come from, or are connected to, a bigger brand. But sometimes the reverse happens: a large, well-funded company launches a product under a name already used by a smaller player. Flooded by the junior user’s massive advertising, consumers begin to associate the senior user’s goods with the larger brand. This is the essence of reverse confusion. In India, wh

The Hon’ble Supreme Court, in its recent decision in Novenco Building and Industry A/S v. Xero Energy Engineering Solutions Pvt. Ltd. , 2025 SCC OnLine SC 2278, has provided significant guidance on the interpretation and application of the mandatory pre-litigation mediation requirement under Section 12A of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015 (“the Act”) in the context of intellectual property disputes involving prayers for urgent interim relief. In this landmark judgment, the Hon

INTRODUCTION   India, with a population of 1.46 billion people, as of 2025, is not only one of the largest upcoming digital markets, but is also one of the most linguistically  diverse countries. The Constitution of India recognizes 22 scheduled languages as official languages; and this reflects a plural identity rooted in regional scripts and vernacular expression.   At present, the internet adoption rate of the country is growing at 6.5% yearly increase in users. It is inte

Introduction: Intellectual Property as a Strategic Asset   In the current economic landscape, intellectual property (IP) has emerged as a significant strategic asset. Trademarks serve as a powerful commercial tool, especially for companies that have built their value on consumer trust, goodwill and brand equity. As the Indian enterprise ecosystem continues to expand through diversification and multiplication of structures, separation of the legal ownership of IP from its core

Tariffs, though primarily fiscal tools for regulating imports and safeguarding domestic industries, exert profound secondary effects on brand strategy and intellectual property management. They influence how trademarks are registered, maintained, enforced and valued across borders. A change in the tariffs may affect the following: Market Integrity:  Tariff-induced price disparities often drive counterfeiting and parallel imports, eroding brand value. Portfolio Management:  Su

In a writ petition filed by UPL Limited, the Hon’ble Calcutta High Court (hereinafter “ the Court”) set aside the order issued by the Controller of Patents and reaffirmed the importance of the principles of natural justice. The petitioner challenged the rejection of its patent application No. 201631037704, which had been refused following a pre-grant opposition filed by the Haryana Pesticides Manufacturers’ Association  under Section 25(1) of the Patents Act, 1970.   BACKGRO

Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) have rapidly evolved from buzzwords to the backbone of India's technological transformation. From AI-powered medical diagnostics revolutionizing healthcare to smart agriculture systems optimizing crop yields, these technologies are reshaping every sector of the Indian economy. This surge has positioned India as the fifth-largest jurisdiction globally for AI patent filings, with over 86,000 [1]  AI-rel

In August 2025, India enacted the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025 (hereinafter referred to as ‘The Act’) , leading to a significant transformation in the management and advancement of online gaming industry. The legislation aims to regulate the rapidly expanding online gaming sector, curb risks associated with real-money gaming and simultaneously promote skill-based games and e-sports. For businesses, regulators, and legal practitioners, the Act represents

Introduction A limited-edition product is one which is released by a brand for a specific duration of time in restricted quantities. For instance, Cadbury’s special Diwali packs or unique festival packaging. Suzuki characterizes restricted release items as those "sold in an express that makes them hard to get due to organizations restricting their accessibility to a specific period, amount, area, or channel" . [1]  Such limited editions are made scarce, restricted to certain